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Evolutionary biology

Human evolution

Trait with a current functional role in the life history of an organism maintained and evolved by natural selection

Ardipithecus (album)

2015 studio album by Willow

Ardipithecus kadabba

Ardipithecus ramidus

Extinct hominin from Early Pliocene Ethiopia

Australopithecine

Extinct subtribe of the Hominini tribe, and members of the human clade

Australopithecus

Genus of hominin ancestral to modern humans

Australopithecus afarensis

Extinct hominid from the Pliocene of East Africa

Australopithecus africanus

Extinct hominid from South Africa

Australopithecus anamensis

Extinct hominin from Pliocene east Africa

Australopithecus bahrelghazali

Extinct species of hominin from 3.5 mya

Australopithecus deyiremeda

Proposed extinct species of hominin of Ethiopia from 3.5 to 3.3 mya

Australopithecus garhi

Extinct hominid from the Afar Region of Ethiopia 2.6–2.5 million years ago

Australopithecus sediba

Two-million-year-old hominin from the Cradle of Humankind

A prehistoric human skull cap from Italy.

Two or more species influencing each other's evolution

Convergent evolution

Independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages which creates analogous structures

Earliest anatomically modern humans in Europe

Asian archaic human

Dmanisi hominins

Hominid species or subspecies discovered in Dmanisi, Georgia

Early modern human

Old Stone Age Homo sapiens

Evolution of bacteria

Development of bacteria throughout time

Evolution of birds

Derivation of birds from a dinosaur precursor, and the adaptive radiation of bird species

Evolution of brachiopods

The origin and diversification of brachiopods through geologic time

Evolution of fish

The origin and diversification of fish through geologic time

Evolution of fungi

The origin and diversification of fungi through geologic time

Evolution of insects

Development of insects from an ancestral crustacean and their subsequent radiation

Evolution of mammals

Derivation of mammals from a synapsid precursor, and the adaptive radiation of mammal species

Evolution of molluscs

The origin and diversification of molluscs through geologic time

Evolution of reptiles

The origin and diversification of reptiles through geologic time

Evolution of spiders

The origin from a chelicerate ancestor and diversification of spiders through geologic time

Evolution of tetrapods

The evolution of four legged vertebrates and their derivatives

Evolutionary biology

The study of the processes that produced the diversity of life

Evolutionary developmental biology

Field of research that compares the developmental processes of different organisms to infer the ancestral relationships

Evolutionary history of plants

The origin and diversification of plants through geologic time

Fitness (biology)

Expected reproductive success

Loss of genetic variation resulting from a few individuals establishing a new population

The transfer of genetic variation from one population to another

Genetic admixture

Result of interbreeding between two or more previously isolated populations within a species

The change in the frequency of an existing gene variant in a population

Extinct hominin from Miocene Greece

Group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor having the same single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation in all haplotypes

Hardy–Weinberg principle

Principle within genetics

Number of early modern human fossils found in Herto Bouri, Ethiopia

Tribe of mammals

Extinct relatives of modern humans

Homo antecessor

Archaic human species from 1 million years ago

Extinct species of archaic human

Extinct species or subspecies of archaic human

Homo floresiensis

Archaic human from Flores, Indonesia

Homo gautengensis

Name proposed for an extinct species of hominin from South Africa

Archaic human species from 2.1 to 1.5 mya

Homo heidelbergensis

Extinct species of the genus Homo

Archaic human from China, 146,000 BP

Homo luzonensis

Archaic human from Luzon, Philippines

Small-brained South African archaic human

Homo rhodesiensis

Species of mammal (fossil)

Homo rudolfensis

Extinct hominin from the Early Pleistocene of East Africa

Homology (biology)

Shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa

Human evolution

Evolutionary process leading to anatomically modern humans

Homo erectus fossil discovered on the island of Java in 1891

Oldest known tool-making hominin

Subspecies of the genus Homo (fossil)

Lucy (Australopithecus)

3.2 million year old hominin from Hadar

Evolution on a scale at or above the level of species

Change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population

Missing link (human evolution)

Non-scientific term for a transitional fossil

Subspecies of homo erectus

Natural selection

Mechanism of evolution by differential survival and reproduction of individuals

Extinct Eurasian species or subspecies of archaic humans

Ombudsman against Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation (Sweden)

Swedish anti-discrimination agency

Postulated early hominin discovered in Kenya

Contested extinct genus of hominins

Paranthropus aethiopicus

Extinct species of hominin of East Africa

Paranthropus boisei

Extinct species of hominin of East Africa

Paranthropus robustus

Extinct species of hominin of South Africa

Subspecies of the genus Homo (fossil)

Population bottleneck

The effects of a sharp reduction in numbers on the diversity and robustness of a population

Population genetics

Study of genetic differences within and between populations including the study of adaptation, speciation, and population structure

Red Deer Cave people

Archaic humans from 12,500 BCE in southwest China

Reproductive isolation

Evolutionary mechanism for speciation

Extinct hominid from Miocene Africa

Subdiscipline of biology regarding social behavior

Extinct subspecies of Homo erectus

Evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species

The study of the diversification and relationships among living things through time

Homo erectus fossil

Viral evolution

Subfield of evolutionary biology and virology concerned with the evolution of viruses

Subspecies of the genus Homo (fossil)